THE 2010-2015 GREEK LAWGIVERS' CRISIS, THE EURO AND CURRENCY AREAS. SHOULD THE EURO ZONE BREAK APART?

So today, editors at Forbes published yet another train-wreck of flawed thinking by Tim Worstall. In The Cause of the Eurozone Crisis Was the Euro: The Solution Is Abolition of the Euro, Worstall tries hard to call for an end to the Euro by blaming its existence for the cause of a what he calls the Eurozone Crisis, which likely he means the the Euro Banking Crisis of 2008 the Greek Lawgivers' Debt Crisis of 2010-2015.




Seriously, I don't understand why Worstall doesn't find another line of work besides trying to write about economies and economics (see more on Tim Worstall right here on Bizarro Theater),

"Even a cursory glance at the economics of this field, optimal currency areas (founded by Robert Mundell) tells us that over such disparate economies a single currency just isn’t going to work." ~ Tim Worstall

Worstall seems not to understand Mundell's Optimum Currency Area Theory at all. Mundell included his theory in a textbook titled International Economics, (1968, pp. 177-186).

Mundell's Optimum Currency Area Theory is one where an authority can stabilize employment and prices over a well-defined region. According to Mundell himself:

• "If the case for flexible exchange rates is a strong one, it is, in logic, a case for flexible exchange rates based on regional currencies, not on national currencies. The optimum currency area is the region."
• "If the world can be divided into regions within each of which there is factor mobility and between which there is factor immobility, then each of these regions should have a separate currency which fluctuates relative to all other currencies."
• "The argument works best if each nation (and currency) has internal factor mobility and external factor immobility."
• "But if regions cut across national boundaries or if countries are multiregional, then the argument for flexible exchange rates is only valid if currencies are reorganized on a regional basis."

In the work, Mundell cites two who he believes has captured the essence for defining the optimum currency area — Meade and Scitovsky.

• "In both cases [Meade's; Scitovsky's ] it is implied that an essential ingredient of a common currency, or a single currency area, is a high degree of factor mobility;"
• "...neither writer disputes that the optimum currency area is the region-defined in terms of internal factor mobility and external factor immobility-but there is an implicit difference in views on the precise degree of factor mobility required to delineate a region."

According to László Andor, European Commissioner for Employment, Social Affairs and Inclusion, in his speech titled Labour Mobility in the EU: Challenges and Perspectives for a Genuine European Labour Market, Europeans have the necessary ingredient of labor mobility.

Free movement of workers began in 1968. Today, it encompasses the labor markets of 28 Member States of the EU and every Eurozone country.

EU nationals have the right to look for work and take up employment in another Member State and to receive assistance from the employment services in the host country when looking for a job.

Countries experiencing the highest increase in labor outflows to other EU countries in 2011-12 were Greece, Spain, Ireland, Hungary and Latvia. Labor outflows went mostly to Germany, Austria and the UK.

So according to Mundell and his theory, the European Central Bank (ECB) ought to make more credit available in Germany, thus pushing up prices in Germany to remove the demand of Greeks from buying German products.  With Greek demand for German goods cut by being priced out, Greeks would then produce the alike, substitute goods on lower prices (lower wages), thus taking up unemployment slack in Greece.

But the problem has been the lawgivers in countries like Greece. As wages are prices, they have kept wages up through massive fake-work, make-work government programs, pensions and welfare. Greeks had been living through a credit bubble, a public sector credit bubble and not a private sector. When that bubble burst — Greek lawgivers couldn't borrow without bailouts — Greeks suffered at the hands of lawgivers rather than commercial bankers.

For those who doubt that Greek lawgivers haven't been the source of the problems for the Greeks, have a look at GREXIT IS NO EXIT. Nigerians export more than three times as much as the Greeks, but only import 1.34 times as much as the Greeks.

So how do the Greeks do it? How do the Greeks pay for those imports? Their lawgivers have borrowed year after year to pay for government agency workers, pensioners and welfare collectees who, in turn, take their Euro borrowings and buy imports from those of other Eurozone countries.

In the countries hit hardest by the Euro Banking Crisis, their problems have been caused by lawgivers borrowing to keep afloat phony economies and thus hampering price discovery. As well, by Mundell's theory, those countries within the Eurozone experiencing trade surpluses need to have their regional central bankers rediscount more and thus pump more credit into those countries, which presumably would jack up prices relative to the Eurozone trade deficit countries. By Mundell's theory, it doesn't matter if Germany and Greece are separate countries as long as the countries operate under the same exchange rate and have factor mobility.

Mundell also said, "Similarly, if factors are mobile across national boundaries, then a flexible exchange system becomes unnecessary, and may even be positively harmful, as I have suggested elsewhere." 

The Euro is a "gold" standard - one rate for an internal common market with factor mobility that requires lawgivers to adjust policy to that standard. The price of that Euro "gold" standard relative to the outside world (other banking systems' cash) fluctuates.

Mundell wrote at a time when countries had fixed exchange rates with bank cash convertible to gold while many called for floating exchange rates with irredeemable cash. Mundell proposed his theory as an attempt to explain international disequilibrium caused by balance-of-payments crises under fixed exchange rates and price fixing by legislators (rigid wage and price levels).

Mundell believed that countries with trade surpluses whose leaders capped bank credit caused unemployment for those living in trade deficit countries because leaders of trade deficit countries had to shrink their economies to restore the imbalance.

Whether one banking system shared among a few countries or countries each with their own banking systems, according to Mundell, the fix for regional disparities is for trade surplus countries to inflate (add bank credits) —

• "In a currency area comprising different countries with national currencies, the pace of employment in deficit countries is set by the willingness of surplus countries to inflate."
• "Unemployment could be avoided in the world economy if central banks agreed that the burden of international adjustment should fall on surplus countries, which would then inflate until unemployment in deficit countries is eliminated"
• "But in a currency area comprising many regions and a single currency, the pace of inflation is set by the willingness of central authorities to allow unemployment in deficit regions."

Under floating rates with irredeemable bank cash, those living in the trade deficit countries would need to pay more for foreign cash of trade surplus countries until BOP equalized. Thus, all inflation would be unneeded as is the fix for disparities between regions under the same banking system.

So, absent the will to inflate by region in the Euro zone, the Euro zone ought to break up and let floating exchange rates do their work — force prices up of foreign goods as expressed in one's own bank cash.

At the end Mundell concludes, "...the optimum currency area is the world, regardless of the number of regions of which it is composed." By that Mundell means there should be one money and balance of payments would adjust regional difference. In short, Mundell means something like gold as money would be the ideal for the world over.

Legally, Europeans have labor mobility. Culturally, whether they move or not is another matter (see: On the Move, The Economist).



Hordes of illegal aliens, many claiming to be refugees, don't seem to have a labor mobility hang up. For more on the horde invading Europe, check out 2015 EUROPEAN REFUGEE CRISIS. FLEEING THE FAILURES OF TOTALITARIANISM, BUT FAILING TO EMBRACE BETTER WAYS.

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GREXIT IS NO EXIT.

For the Greeks, Hell is not other people. Hell is themselves. Yet, many believe the Greeks need to ditch Euro zone Europeans and return to the drachma so Greeks can escape an eternity of poverty hell.

"Greece will continue to endure its long Calvary until somebody has the courage to tell the Greek people – and to keep telling them until the truth sinks in – that the drachma is their best hope of economic renewal." ~ Ambrose Evans-Pritchard, The Telegraph UK, 16 Jul 2015

A popular mainstream media propagandist, Ambrose Evans-Pritchard has called for the Greeks to ditch the Euro and exit their monetary union with Europeans. In, Greece should seize Germany's botched offer of a velvet Grexit, Pritchard wrote, "There is not the slightest chance that Greece will be able stabilize its debt and return to viability..." Meanwhile, Pritchard fails to provide any document, say a spreadsheet, which he has worked out the debt rollover requirements over a 10 to 12 year period.

As I have pointed out, Greek law givers never have been asked to pay back €330 billion. Instead, Greek law givers had been working a remedy plan of paying €6.5 billion a year over 10 years, enough to pay down their debt to 110% of GDP, that is until the communists of SYRIZA led by Alexis Tsipras and his game theory, cycle-riding buddy, Yanis Varoufakis fouled up everything.

Before anyone accepts propaganda from jokers like Pritchard, all must ask themselves who will want the drachma? Who will take drachma for oil, natural gas, cars, trucks, semiconductors, precision machinery, pharmaceuticals and millions of products Greeks don't make and lack the capacity — mostly brains — to make?

For those who take drachma, what will they buy? Will they buy feta cheese, olive oil, belly dances, hotel room rentals? How much supply of olive oil does it take to pay for a bulldozer?

What would happen to Greeks if only they stiffed their creditors, subverted the European project and fired up the printing presses so their banks could run on drachma? What would happen to the €7.5 billion they receive in EU subsidies each year? How could Greeks pay for exports they now receive?

Let's compare Greeks to the Nigerians.

• Greek exports: Exports €27.2 billion (-1.3%; 2014 est.)
• Nigerian exports: $93.01 billion (2014 est.) = €84.45 billion.
• Nigerians import US$52.79 billion (2014 est.), which is €47.94 billion
• Greeks import US$39.45 (€35.82).

Nigerians export 3.1 times much as Greeks but only import 1.34 times as much as the Greeks. Nigerians earn much more from foreigners than Greeks earn, but buy much less from foreigners than Greeks buy.

Now let's see where the Nigerian Naira stacks up to the US dollar. One USD buys 198.95 Nigerian Naira.

So how do the Nigerians live? The average yearly salary in Nigeria is $3,308.99 (658,324 NGN).

And what about the Greeks? The average yearly salary in Greece is $13,265.45 (€12,048).

Greeks income on average is four times that of the Nigerians yet the Nigerians export three times as much.

So what would happen to the Greeks should they revert to the drachma? Greek incomes would fall and fall hard. Greek incomes would approach incomes of Nigerians. In short, Greeks would impose real austerity upon themselves.

Many believe that with a cheap drachma, tourists will flock to Greece, presumably even more than now because exchange rates will favor foreigners under a drachma.

And yet, it can be shown where there is great favor in exchange rates for foreigners relative to many places, tourists don't flock to those places. How many European tourists flock to Sudan every holiday?

The problem for the Greeks is the same problem everywhere. The Greeks don't live by capitalism.

As I have shown in CAPITALISM. BECAUSE WITHOUT IT, YOU WOULD BE LIVING AS A BARE SUBSISTENCE SAVAGE and SOPHIE'S CHOICE OF CAPITAL OR LABOR. A FREE-MARKETS LIBERTARIAN BECOMES AN ANTI-CAPITALIST AND PERPETUATES AN ECONOMICS MYTH. Wages and capital are interlinked.

Wages come from returns to capital. Without capital there can be no wages. Without positive returns to capital, no one would put property to use as capital.

Greeks have been living on ever-greater largess of Greek law givers as well as EU law givers since joining the European Union and later, the Euro zone. In turn, Greek law givers have relied on floating ever more bonds to pay for their largess.

Spending doesn't bring return to capital. Realizing on expected profits in the future does.

Always, the problem for Greeks has been spending, spending that comes from borrowing and a lack of production from capital.

Wages come from returns to capital. Without capital there can be no wages. Without positive returns to capital, no one would put property to use as capital.

Giving government workers wages paid by borrowed funds is a kind of welfare. Those wages aren't really wages at all. Those wages haven't come from returns to capital.

Politicians, socialists and the greedy never will understand this and thus they will never understand reality. They will go cradle to grave in earthly hell. Who knows what will happen beyond. For sure, there is no exit from reality.

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MY BIG FAT GREEK STUPIDITY. THE TSIPRAS AND VAROUFAKIS GREEK COMEDY SHOW WRAPS UP.

Well, it looks like shooting almost has wrapped up for the new comedy, My Big Fat Greek Stupidity starring Alex Tsipras and Angie Merkel, co-starring Yanny Varoufakis, Wolfie Schäuble, Donnie Tusk, Mario Draghi and many more!



First, if you are shocked by the outcome between Alexis Tsipras, the prime minister of Greece and the Eurogroup ministers, who are the finance ministers of the Euro zone, you should not be. Had you been a consistent reader of mine, you would have known all along what was happening between the Greeks and the leaders of the Euro zone, the EU and the IMF.

• REALITY SMACKS GREEKS. WHAT MUST BE PAID BACK WILL BE PAID BACK (Thursday, July 9, 2015)
• GREEKS HAVE BEEN SERVED A BIG CUP OF ELLINIKOS KAFES FOR THEIR COLD AUSTERITY WINTER AHEAD (Wednesday, July 8, 2015)
• GREEKS VOTE FOR GRECOCIDE (Sunday, July 5, 2015)
• GREEKS ARE SET TO VOTE TO SEND JINGLE MAIL TO THE IMF, EFSM AND THE EU (Monday, June 29, 2015)
• TSIPRAS AND VAROUFAKIS, THE GREEK DUMB AND DUMBER SEEK TO FORCE GREEKS TO DRINK HEMLOCK (Monday, June 15, 2015)

In these works, I shared with you reckless spending of Greek law givers compared to other countries with alike economies — the Czech Republic and Portugal. I shared with you what the Greeks needed to do — cut per capita spending a paltry 4.4% down to $3,913.33 so Greek law givers could pay a mere €6.36 billion a year of debt, roughly 1.9% of total debt owed and 2.6% of GDP, without GDP growth. I shared with you that Greek law givers had to pay €63.58 billion worth of debt over ten years  that Greek law givers borrowed to pay generously, for salaries and pensions of government workers and not €330 billion falsely cited by the ill-informed in effort to reduce total debt-to-GDP to 110%.

I shared with you why Greeks held no cards — Greece GDP is a rounding error — 1.84% of the total Euro zone GDP less the Greek GDP. That is like throwing two cents on the ground for every Euro in your pocket.

I shared with you that Greek law givers lost any leverage when the ECB shuttered ECB-aligned banks. Since Greek banks have much of their reserves tied to bonds of Greek law givers, the acts of Tsipras and Varoufakis-led SYRIZA impaired those reserves. Impaired reserves required emergency liquidity assistance (ELA) from the European Central Bank (ECB).

When the ECB cut off ELA to Greek banks, Greek bankers were forced to close. Closing the banks effectively cut off the metaphorical water supply to Greeks.  Litiming ATM withdrawals to €60 a day with no other banking services seized up the machinery known as commerce.

As well, I shared with you the big bomb that is going to drop on July 20. Greek law givers owe €3.5 billion (US$3.9 billion) to the ECB. That date marks the final call in this poker game.

Many have called for the Greeks to stiff their European partners and have their banking system return to the drachma.  In effect, many wanted to see the Greeks betray the European project. 

Why would the Greeks seek to exit the Euro zone and return to the drachma? If the Greeks have their own banking system with its own cash, how would that change anything for the Greeks? Greeks make very little their trade partners want to buy. 

The top export for Greeks consists of refined petroleum products. For the latest year (2012) available, Greeks exported $11.812 billion worth of refined petroleum products, which comprised 34.9% of all Greek exports.
  

The top importers of Greek products are near-penniless Italians (7.96%), penniless Cypriots (4.75%), penniless Spaniards (2.65%), near-penniless Frenchmen (2.56%) and penniless Russians (1.93%). 

Yet fools believe it is the Eurogroup ministers who are betraying the European project. In spite of what neither politician nor businessman but lifetime academician Paul Krugman has claimed, the Greeks have been the ones betraying Europeans.

In a show of generous unity by those leading the European project, the Greeks were bailed out not once, but twice, in 2010 and 2012. The socialist-communist SYRIZA came to power and reneged on those bailout deals. As well, since 2010, Greek law givers have failed to meet conditions they agreed upon to get Greeks and their economy in line with the European project.

Greeks have been living under the delusion of a massive credit bubble, one fostered not by bankers in Greece, but by Greek legislators. That bubble needs to be popped, permanently.

For years, since socialist party leader, Andreas Papandreou, the Greeks had been betraying the European project. Papandreou engaged in despotic-like spending, hiring supporters to government jobs. In so doing, Papandreou created a massive spoils system built around government using funds from the EU to pay for this system. And when the opposition party came to power, they grew the system even bigger.

This is why are the Greeks in trouble. For decades, Greek law givers created a bubble economy. Instead of the bubble economy being blown ever bigger by private-sector inflation — bankers' credit — Greek law givers created their bubble economy through public-sector credit.

By creating government jobs that ought not to exist and by overpaying for those jobs, Greek law givers kept their credit bubble inflated.

Varoufakis along with Tsipras and the rest of the jokers from SYRIZA are like all other law givers. They seized power by promises of more spending — ending austerity.

Varoufakis, Tsipras and all of the SYRIZA jokers wanted to spend beyond their will to tax. That is why they have been begging for five months to get more bailout cash and not pay on debt already accrued for law givers' spending largess.

Tsipras lost. Tsipras and his game-playing, cycle-riding sidekick lacked leverage. The ascension of SYRIZA to power was the first referendum and only one that should have been held. 

Tsipras worst move was holding and encouraging a No-Vote referendum to reject a new deal being offered by Eurogroup ministers. A yes-vote win would have forced Tsipras to cave into demands. 

The actual no-vote win forced Tsipras to present his plan. The Eurogroup ministers called him on it. In short, the no-vote meant no more delay tactics could be played.

The fix for Greeks is deflation. Greek law givers need to stop trying to create a phony economy through borrowing. 

Greeks need to devalue. They have needed to devalue for a long time. 

Their prices are too high. Their prices are too high because law givers borrow to spend on wages and pensions for government workers. All should know that wage rates are prices.

The Euro isn't going to fall much relative to the cash of other banking systems such as the U.S. dollar, the British pound, the Norwegian krone or the Swiss Franc. So to devalue, prices need to fall. Prices won't fall until Greek law givers cut the sum of credit they introduce into the Greek economy.

And so, to remain part of the European project, Greek law givers must give up their spoils system and bring Greeks into the 21st century.

Part of the new deal, Greek law givers must do these acts by Wednesday:

• make standard their VAT tax rates
• increase the retirement age for law-givers provided pensions to 67 by 2022
• legalize automatic spending cuts of Greek law givers try to abandon budget targets
• end the spoils system

If Greek law givers can do these acts, then formal talks can begin between Tsipras and the Eurogroup ministers for a new, permanent bailout deal of €86 billion.

Greek law givers must cut their per capita spending. That is what they have been asked to do. If Greek law givers do so, they will get their deal reworked. 

If Greek law givers agree, Greece will strengthen and the Euro gets better. If Greek law givers reject, Greece will exit and the Euro will strengthen. Either outcome is good for the Euro. Only one outcome is good for the Greeks — staying in the Euro, cutting Greek law givers' power.

The problem for Greeks is the same problem everyone suffers the earth over. Over many years bad law givers have leveraged doling welfare to gain power and keep it. With power, law givers have then created a horrible culture — codified law — of bad design, which unsurprisingly has led them to their final destination of failure. 

Greek law givers let their debt grow beyond their ability to service the interest payments. Their poor decisions led to exponential growth of debt. Per capita spending by Greek law givers is well beyond the size of Greek economy compared to other EU states of alike-sized economies as measured by GDP.

And in spite of what Krugman and others like him wrongly claim, the Eurogroup ministers strive to keep the European project going. They are trying to come up with a plan for short-term financing to help Greek law givers over the next few weeks.

Even if SYRIZA Greek law givers reject this final deal, Greek law givers are on the hook for all kinds of bonds floated in jurisdiction that is not Greece. No matter what, Greeks will be paying taxes to their law givers for those bonds. Greek law givers will pay on those foreign bonds.

In life, when adults have the power to decide, they don't get what they want always, but always, they get what they deserve.

For an up-to-the minute timeline for the SYRIZA-caused crisis, check out the Guardian UK. Be wary about what you believe published there.

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